HSK 3–4 / TOCFL A1–A2
V 著 vs. 在＋V：持續狀態與進行動作完整比較V zhe vs. zài + V: Chíxù zhuàngtài yǔ jìnxíng dòngzuò wánzhěng bǐjiàoV-zhe vs. zài + verb: continuing states and actions in progress
V 著 vs. 在＋V：持續狀態與進行動作完整比較
V zhe vs. zài + V: Chíxù zhuàngtài yǔ jìnxíng dòngzuò wánzhěng bǐjiào
V-zhe vs. zài + verb: continuing states and actions in progress
「在＋V」和「V 著」都能談持續中的情況，但兩者觀察事件的角度不同。「在＋V」把焦點放在正在進行的動作；「V 著」則常描寫動作形成後仍維持的狀態、姿勢或伴隨方式。
“Zài + V” hé “V zhe” dōu néng tán chíxù zhōng de qíngkuàng, dàn liǎng zhě guānchá shìjiàn de jiǎodù bùtóng. “Zài + V” bǎ jiāodiǎn fàng zài zhèngzài jìnxíng de dòngzuò; “V zhe” zé cháng miáoxiě dòngzuò xíngchéng hòu réng wéichí de zhuàngtài, zīshì huò bànsuí fāngshì.
Both zài + verb and verb-zhe can describe something continuing, but they view the situation differently. Zài + verb focuses on an action in progress, while verb-zhe often describes a resulting state, posture, or accompanying manner that remains in effect.
本課會用約會、排隊和下雨的生活對話比較兩種句型，並透過四張圖片練習判斷說話者想強調的是「動作正在發生」還是「狀態持續存在」。
Běn kè huì yòng yuēhuì, páiduì hé xiàyǔ de shēnghuó duìhuà bǐjiào liǎng zhǒng jùxíng, bìng tòuguò sì zhāng túpiàn liànxí pànduàn shuōhuà zhě xiǎng qiángdiào de shì “dòngzuò zhèngzài fāshēng” háishì “zhuàngtài chíxù cúnzài”.
This lesson compares the two patterns through everyday conversations about meeting someone, waiting in line, and rain. A four-picture quiz then helps you decide whether the speaker highlights an unfolding action or a continuing state.
先掌握核心差異
① 在＋V / zài + verb
在＋V：強調動作現在正在進行，說話者把視角放在動作的過程中。也常說「正在＋V」。例：他在等你、外面在下雨。
Zài + V: Qiángdiào dòngzuò xiànzài zhèngzài jìnxíng, shuōhuà zhě bǎ shìjiǎo fàng zài dòngzuò de guòchéng zhōng. Yě cháng shuō “zhèngzài + V”. Lì: Tā zài děng nǐ, wàimiàn zài xià yǔ.
Zài + verb emphasizes that an action is currently in progress. The speaker views the event from inside its unfolding process. Zhèngzài + verb is also common. Examples: Tā zài děng nǐ; Wàimiàn zài xià yǔ.
② V 著 / verb-zhe
V 著：強調某個動作完成或開始後形成的狀態仍然維持，也能表示做另一個動作時的姿勢或方式。例：門開著、坐著等、穿著紅衣服。
V zhe: Qiángdiào mǒu ge dòngzuò wánchéng huò kāishǐ hòu xíngchéng de zhuàngtài réngrán wéichí, yě néng biǎoshì zuò lìng yí ge dòngzuò shí de zīshì huò fāngshì. Lì: Mén kāizhe, zuòzhe děng, chuānzhe hóng yīfú.
Verb-zhe emphasizes that a state created after an action begins or finishes remains in effect. It can also show the posture or manner accompanying another action. Examples: Mén kāizhe; zuòzhe děng; chuānzhe hóng yīfú.
生活對話例句
① 在＋V：action in progress
（在家，男朋友在門口等）
(Zài jiā, nán péngyǒu zài ménkǒu děng.)
(At home; the boyfriend is waiting at the door.)
媽媽：你是不是跟男朋友約好去博物館？
Māma: Nǐ shì bú shì gēn nán péngyǒu yuē hǎo qù bówùguǎn?
Mother: Didn’t you make plans with your boyfriend to go to the museum?
你：對呀！我正在準備。
Nǐ: Duì ya! Wǒ zhèngzài zhǔnbèi.
You: Yes! I’m getting ready.
媽媽：他在等你，你快一點！
Māma: Tā zài děng nǐ, nǐ kuài yìdiǎn!
Mother: He’s waiting for you. Hurry up!
你：好啦！我馬上就好。
Nǐ: Hǎo la! Wǒ mǎshàng jiù hǎo.
You: Okay! I’ll be ready in a second.
② 坐著＋V：maintained posture + another action
（在餐廳外面排隊）
(Zài cāntīng wàimiàn páiduì.)
(Waiting in line outside a restaurant.)
A：你等一下想吃什麼？
A: Nǐ děng yíxià xiǎng chī shénme?
A: What would you like to eat?
B：我想吃這個、這個，還有這個。
B: Wǒ xiǎng chī zhège, zhège, hái yǒu zhège.
B: I’d like this, this, and this.
A：好，還要別的嗎？
A: Hǎo, hái yào bié de ma?
A: Okay. Anything else?
B：不用了，這樣就好。
B: Búyòng le, zhèyàng jiù hǎo.
B: No, that’s enough.
A：好，我去點餐。啊！那裡有位子，你先去坐著等我。
A: Hǎo, wǒ qù diǎncān. À! Nàlǐ yǒu wèizi, nǐ xiān qù zuòzhe děng wǒ.
A: Okay, I’ll order. Ah, there are seats over there. Go sit down and wait for me.
B：好，謝謝！
B: Hǎo, xièxie!
B: Okay, thanks!
「下著雨」vs.「在下雨」
「外面在下雨」是在報告眼前正在發生的天氣；「那天下著雨」則把下雨當作故事背景中持續的狀態。兩句都正確，差別在說話者要突出的焦點。
“Wàimiàn zài xià yǔ” shì zài bàogào yǎnqián zhèngzài fāshēng de tiānqì; “nà tiān xiàzhe yǔ” zé bǎ xiàyǔ dàngzuò gùshì bèijǐng zhōng chíxù de zhuàngtài. Liǎng jù dōu zhèngquè, chābié zài shuōhuà zhě yào tūchū de jiāodiǎn.
Wàimiàn zài xià yǔ reports the weather event happening now. Nà tiān xiàzhe yǔ presents the rain as a continuing background state in a story. Both are grammatical; the difference is the speaker’s focus.
① 外面在下雨：current event
（在咖啡廳）
(Zài kāfēitīng.)
(In a café.)
A：聊了三個小時了，差不多要回家了。
A: Liáo le sān ge xiǎoshí le, chàbuduō yào huí jiā le.
A: We’ve been chatting for three hours. It’s about time to go home.
B：外面在下雨，等雨小一點再走吧！
B: Wàimiàn zài xià yǔ, děng yǔ xiǎo yìdiǎn zài zǒu ba!
B: It’s raining outside. Let’s wait until it eases up before leaving.
A：好吧！
A: Hǎo ba!
A: Alright!
② 那天下著雨：background state
（跟朋友聊天）
(Gēn péngyǒu liáotiān.)
(Chatting with a friend.)
B：你跟女朋友是在哪裡認識的？
B: Nǐ gēn nǚ péngyǒu shì zài nǎlǐ rènshi de?
B: Where did you meet your girlfriend?
A：在美國。那天下著雨，可是我忘了帶傘，只能在咖啡廳門口站著等雨停。
A: Zài Měiguó. Nà tiān xiàzhe yǔ, kěshì wǒ wàng le dài sǎn, zhǐ néng zài kāfēitīng ménkǒu zhànzhe děng yǔ tíng.
A: In the United States. It was raining that day, but I had forgotten my umbrella, so I could only stand at the café entrance and wait for the rain to stop.
B：然後呢？
B: Ránhòu ne?
B: And then?
A：她從咖啡廳出來，看到我沒帶傘，就問我要去哪裡。我說：「我想去地鐵站，可是有點遠，我忘了帶傘……。」
A: Tā cóng kāfēitīng chūlái, kàndào wǒ méi dài sǎn, jiù wèn wǒ yào qù nǎlǐ. Wǒ shuō: “Wǒ xiǎng qù dìtiězhàn, kěshì yǒudiǎn yuǎn, wǒ wàng le dài sǎn…”
A: She came out of the café, saw that I didn’t have an umbrella, and asked where I was going. I said, “I want to go to the subway station, but it’s a little far, and I forgot my umbrella…”
B：所以她問你要不要一起走？
B: Suǒyǐ tā wèn nǐ yào bú yào yìqǐ zǒu?
B: So she asked whether you wanted to walk together?
A：對，我們就這樣認識了，哈哈哈。
A: Duì, wǒmen jiù zhèyàng rènshi le, hāhāhā.
A: Yes, and that’s how we met, hahaha.
圖片選擇練習
依圖片凸顯的重點，選出最自然的句子。
查看答案與解析
- 男孩正在看電視：焦點是正在進行的活動。
- 電視開著：焦點是電視維持開啟的狀態。
- 她正在穿外套：動作正進行到一半。
- 她穿著紅色的衣服：衣服已穿在身上，狀態持續。
提醒：沒有上下文時，部分圖片可能有不同描述；本題依畫面凸顯的動作或狀態作答。
