「先……等……再……」怎麼用? 學會安排事情的順序

HSK 3 / TOCFL Band A1

調整行程順序:先 + V,等 + 條件,再 + V

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):
現在可能不是最佳時機。你可以先做另一件事情。等條件改變或適合的時間到了,再進行原本的計畫。
Xiànzài kěnéng bú shì zuìjiā shíjī. Nǐ kěyǐ xiān zuò lìng yí jiàn shìqíng. Děng tiáojiàn gǎibiàn huò shìhé de shíjiān dào le, zài jìnxíng yuánběn de jìhuà.
這個句型常用來表示以下情況:
Zhège jùxíng cháng yòng lái biǎoshì yǐxià qíngkuàng:
  • 先做別的事情打發時間
    Xiān zuò bié de shìqíng dǎfā shíjiān.
  • 先完成較簡單的事情
    Xiān wánchéng jiào jiǎndān de shìqíng.
  • 等人到了再開始
    Děng rén dào le zài kāishǐ.
  • 等天氣變好再出門
    Děng tiānqì biàn hǎo zài chūmén.
  • 等人變少再去排隊
    Děng rén biàn shǎo zài qù páiduì.
這是一種非常自然的中文時間順序表達方式。
Zhè shì yì zhǒng fēicháng zìrán de zhōngwén shíjiān shùnxù biǎodá fāngshì.

日常溝通範例 (Examples)

逛街看到一家餐廳 (Seeing a restaurant)
朋友這間餐廳好多人排隊,感覺很好吃!
Péngyǒu: Zhè jiān cāntīng hǎoduō rén páiduì, gǎnjué hěn hǎochī!
人好多...可能要等很久。我們去逛街,晚一點人少的時候,來吃好嗎?
Nǐ: Rén hǎoduō... kěnéng yào děng hěn jiǔ. Wǒmen xiān qù guàngjiē, děng wǎn yìdiǎn rén shǎo de shíhòu, zài lái chī hǎo ma?
在家 (At home)
兒子媽媽,你上次說要帶我去公園玩,今天可以去嗎?
Érzi: Māma, nǐ shàngcì shuō yào dài wǒ qù gōngyuán wán, jīntiān kěyǐ qù ma?
媽媽可以啊!現在好熱。我們吃水果,下午不熱了,去公園玩好嗎?
Māma: Kěyǐ a! Xiànzài hǎo rè. Wǒmen xiān chī shuǐguǒ, děng xiàwǔ bú rè le, zài qù gōngyuán wán hǎo ma?
在家 (At home)
女兒媽媽,我好餓,我們什麼時候吃晚餐?
Nǚ'ér: Māma, wǒ hǎo è, wǒmen shénme shíhòu chī wǎncān?
媽媽爸爸說今天晚上會早一點回來。你要不要吃水果?爸爸回來了,我們一起吃晚飯好嗎?
Māma: Bàba shuō jīntiān wǎnshàng huì zǎo yìdiǎn huílái. Nǐ yào bú yào xiān chī shuǐguǒ? Děng bàba huílái le, wǒmen zài yìqǐ chī wǎnfàn hǎo ma?

實戰練習 (Exercises)

在商店 (At the store)
A這支手機很漂亮,我想買。
A: Zhè zhī shǒujī hěn piàoliang, wǒ xiǎng mǎi.
B這支手機太貴了。我們 ,等 ,再 好嗎?
B: Zhè zhī shǒujī tài guì le. Wǒmen [xiān duō kàn jǐ jiā], děng [cún gòu qián le], zài [mǎi] hǎo ma?
在公園 (At the park)
A爸爸,我們現在去踢足球好嗎?
A: Bàba, wǒmen xiànzài qù tī zúqiú hǎo ma?
B現在外面人很多。我們 ,等 ,再出去玩。
B: Xiànzài wàimiàn rén hěnduō. Wǒmen [xiān zài jiā kàn diànshì], děng [rén shǎo yìdiǎn], zài chūqù wán.
在朋友家 (At a friend's house)
A我們現在去喝咖啡好嗎?我知道有一家很有名的咖啡廳。
A: Wǒmen xiànzài qù hē kāfēi hǎo ma? Wǒ zhīdào yǒu yì jiān hěn yǒumíng de kāfēitīng.
B現在是下午茶時間,那裡一定沒位子。我們 ,等 ,再
B: Xiànzài shì xiàwǔchá shíjiān, nàlǐ yídìng méi wèizi. Wǒmen [xiān qù fùjìn guàngguang], děng [wǎncān shíjiān], zài [qù hē kāfēi].

「等……再……」怎麼用?學會 中文表達 的等待與條件

HSK 3 / TOCFL Band A1

設定條件的語法:等 + 條件 + 再 + V

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):
在別人有要求或期望的時候,你希望某件事先達成,再做別人期待的事。
Zài biérén yǒu yāoqiú huò qīwàng de shíhòu, nǐ xīwàng mǒu jiàn shì xiān dáchéng, zài zuò biérén qīdài de shì.
當某個條件還沒發生時,請暫時停止下一個動作。等條件達成後再行動。這個時候可以使用「等……再……」。
Dāng mǒu gè tiáojiàn hái méi fāshēng shí, qǐng zànshí tíngzhǐ xià yí gè dòngzuò. Děng tiáojiàn dáchéng hòu zài xíngdòng. Zhège shíhòu kěyǐ shǐyòng "děng... zài...".
這個句型常用來表示以下情況:
Zhège jùxíng cháng yòng lái biǎoshì yǐxià qíngkuàng:
  • 等人到了再開始
    Děng rén dào le zài kāishǐ.
  • 等工作做完再休息
    Děng gōngzuò zuò wán zài xiūxí.
  • 等天氣變好再出門
    Děng tiānqì biàn hǎo zài chūmén.
  • 等車來了再上車
    Děng chē lái le zài shàng chē.
這是日常生活中非常常見的時間順序表達方式。
Zhè shì rìcháng shēnghuó zhōng fēicháng chángjiàn de shíjiān shùnxù biǎodá fāngshì.

日常溝通範例 (Examples)

你跟朋友一起等公車 (Waiting for the bus)
朋友我們要不要先出去外面?
Péngyǒu: Wǒmen yào bú yào xiān chūqù wàimiàn?
外面太冷了,車來了,我們出去吧!
Nǐ: Wàimiàn tài lěng le, děng chē lái le, wǒmen zài chūqù ba!
在百貨公司買東西 (Shopping at a department store)
服務員您要這個嗎?
Fúwùyuán: Nín yào zhège ma?
我先生來了,我們討論一下,跟你說,謝謝!
Wǒ: Děng wǒ xiānshēng lái le, wǒmen tǎolùn yíxià, zài gēn nǐ shuō, xièxie!
在家寫作業的時候 (Doing homework at home)
兒子爸爸!這個數學我不會,你可以教我嗎?
Érzi: Bàba! Zhège shùxué wǒ búhuì, nǐ kěyǐ jiāo wǒ ma?
爸爸我現在有點忙,爸爸忙完了,教你,好嗎?
Bàba: Wǒ xiànzài yǒudiǎn máng, děng bàba máng wán le, zài jiāo nǐ, hǎo ma?

實戰練習 (Exercises)

在客廳 (In the living room)
A媽媽,我現在想吃冰淇淋!
A: Māma, wǒ xiànzài xiǎng chī bīngqílín!
B你還沒吃午飯, ,再
B: Nǐ hái méi chī wǔfàn, [děng chī wán wǔfàn], zài [chī bīngqílín].
在教室 (In the classroom)
A老師,這題數學怎麼做?你可以教我嗎?
A: Lǎoshī, zhè tí shùxué zěnme zuò? Nǐ kěyǐ jiāo wǒ ma?
B ,我再 ,好嗎?
B: [Děng wǒ xiàkè], wǒ zài [jiāo nǐ], hǎo ma?
在電影院門口 (At the cinema)
A電影快要開始了,我們進去吧!
A: Diànyǐng kuàiyào kāishǐ le, wǒmen jìnqù ba!
B大衛還沒來, ,我們再
B: Dàwèi hái méi lái, [děng Dàwèi dào le], wǒmen zài [yìqǐ jìnqù].

中文語法解析:如何用「原因 + 再」表達延後動作

HSK 3 / TOCFL Band A1

延後動作的表達:原因 + ...再...

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):
因為某個原因,延後應該要做的事情到一個期待的時間點。
Yīnwèi mǒu gè yuányīn, yánhòu yīnggāi yào zuò de shìqíng dào yí gè qīdài de shíjiān diǎn.
Delaying something that should be done until an expected time point due to a certain reason.

生活情境範例 (Examples)

晚上十點半 (10:30 PM)
A下個月的旅行你都安排好了嗎?我們要去哪些地方呀?
A: Xià gè yuè de lǚxíng nǐ dōu ānpái hǎo le ma? Wǒmen yào qù nǎxiē dìfāng ya?
B安排好了。時間有點晚了,明天跟你說好嗎?
B: Ānpái hǎo le. Shíjiān yǒudiǎn wǎn le, míngtiān zài gēn nǐ shuō hǎo ma?
在餐廳門口看到餐廳沒開 (At the closed restaurant)
A太可惜了!餐廳今天沒開......
A: Tài kěxī le! Cāntīng jīntiān méi kāi...
B附近好像有一間也不錯的餐廳,我們下次來這間吧!
B: Fùjìn hǎoxiàng yǒu yì jiān yě búcuò de cāntīng, wǒmen xià cì zài lái zhè jiān ba!
在辦公室 (In the office)
同事你可以給我昨天說的那份文件嗎?
Tóngshì: Nǐ kěyǐ gěi wǒ zuótiān shuō de nà fèn wénjiàn ma?
那份文件我還有一頁還沒做完,等一下做完給你好嗎?
Wǒ: Nà fèn wénjiàn wǒ hái yǒu yí yè hái méi zuò wán, děng yíxià zuò wán zài gěi nǐ hǎo ma?

練習題 (Exercises)

在餐廳 (At the restaurant)
A這間餐廳的菜看起來很好吃,我們要點菜了嗎?
A: Zhè jiān cāntīng de cài kàn qǐlái hěn hǎochī, wǒmen yào diǎncài le ma?
B我的朋友還沒來,等他到了 ,好嗎?
B: Wǒ de péngyǒu háiméilái, děng tā dào le [wǒmen zài diǎncài], hǎo ma?
在辦公室 (In the office)
A王經理,這份報告現在可以給您嗎?
A: Wáng jīnglǐ, zhè fèn bàogào xiànzài kěyǐ gěi nín ma?
B我現在要開會, ,好嗎?
B: Wǒ xiànzài yào kāihuì, [děng kāi wán huì zài kàn], hǎo ma?

如何使用「V了…就…」句型 ( HSK 3 / TOCFL Band A)

HSK 3 / TOCFL Band A

連續動作句型:SV了O,(就)......

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):
1. 強調兩個動作接著發生,主詞常常一樣。
Qiángdiào liǎng gè dòngzuò jiēzhe fāshēng, zhǔcí chángcháng yíyàng.
Emphasizes that two actions happen in immediate succession; the subjects are often the same.

範例 (Examples)

在家 (At home)
爸爸剛才不是在廚房?怎麼不見了?
Wǒ: Bàba gāngcái búshì zài chúfáng? Zěnme bújiàn le?
Me: Wasn't Dad in the kitchen just now? Where did he go?
哥哥吃了飯以後,開始肚子痛。所以剛才出門去看醫生了。
Gēge: Tā chīle fàn yǐhòu, jiù kāishǐ dùzi tòng. Suǒyǐ gāngcái chūmén qù kàn yīshēng le.
Older brother: After he ate, his stomach started to hurt. So he just went out to see a doctor.
在聊天 (Chatting)
朋友你回家以後通常會做什麼?
Péngyǒu: Nǐ huíjiā yǐhòu tōngcháng huì zuò shénme?
Friend: What do you usually do after you get home?
我常常流汗,所以我每天回了家先洗澡。
Wǒ: Wǒ chángcháng liúhàn, suǒyǐ wǒ měitiān huíle jiā, jiù xiān xǐzǎo.
Me: I often sweat, so every day as soon as I get home, I take a shower first.
在學校 (At school)
朋友你跟女朋友昨天去哪裡約會?
Péngyǒu: Nǐ gēn nǚpéngyǒu zuótiān qù nǎlǐ yuēhuì?
Friend: Where did you and your girlfriend go on a date yesterday?
我們看了電影回家了。
Wǒ: Wǒmen kànle diànyǐng, jiù huíjiā le.
Me: We watched a movie and then went home.
朋友什麼?!太無聊了吧!
Péngyǒu: Shénme?! Tài wúliáo le ba!
Friend: What?! That's so boring!
在逛街 (Shopping)
朋友她的衣服好像有一種新衣服的味道?
Péngyǒu: Tā de yīfú hǎoxiàng yǒu yìzhǒng xīn yīfú de wèidào?
Friend: Her clothes seem to have that 'new clothes' smell?
你也聞到囉?因為她每次買了新衣服馬上穿,所以你聞到這個味道,就知道她又買新衣服了。
Wǒ: Nǐ yě wéndào luo? Yīnwèi tā měicì mǎile xīn yīfú, jiù mǎshàng chuān, suǒyǐ nǐ wéndào zhège wèidào, jiù zhīdào tā yòu mǎi xīn yīfú le.
Me: You smelled it too? Because every time she buys new clothes, she wears them immediately. So when you smell that, you know she bought new clothes again.

實戰練習 (Exercises)

在學校 (At school)
A你昨天晚上怎麼沒有接我電話?
A: Nǐ zuótiān wǎnshàng zěnme méiyǒu jiē wǒ diànhuà?
B昨天晚上我很累,所以 。沒有聽到手機響了,不好意思。
B: Zuótiān wǎnshàng wǒ hěn lèi, suǒyǐ [xǐle zǎo jiù shuìjiào le]. Méiyǒu tīngdào shǒujī xiǎng le, bù hǎoyìsi.
在學校 (At school)
A這次放假要不要找他一起去爬山?
A: Zhè cì fàngjià yào bú yào zhǎo tā yìqǐ qù páshān?
B我覺得他應該不會來,因為他每次 ,快要開學才回來。
B: Wǒ juédé tā yīnggāi búhuì lái, yīnwèi tā měicì [fàngle jià jiù qù lǚxíng], kuàiyào kāixué cái huílái.
在家 (At home)
爸爸,媽媽是不是去出差了?我昨天怎麼沒有看到她?
Wǒ: Bàba, māma shì bú shì qù chūchāi le? Wǒ zuótiān zěnme méiyǒu kàndào tā?
爸爸沒有,媽媽昨天 ,因為她工作很累,你等她起床以後可以跟她聊聊天。
Bàba: Méiyǒu, māma zuótiān [dàole jiā jiù huí fángjiān xiūxí], yīnwèi tā gōngzuò hěn lèi, nǐ děng tā qǐchuáng yǐhòu kěyǐ gēn tā liáoliáo tiān.

語言習慣的重建需要時間。請透過正確的架構練習來建立大腦的新街道。在 Whitney Mandarin Studio,我們教你單字,更帶你打造一座完整的中文城市。

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中文 比較句 進階:如何使用「A 比 B 更…」強調程度 (HSK 2-3 / TOCFL A)

HSK 2-3 / TOCFL Band A

比較句 進階:A (比 B) 更...

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):
1. 「A (+比 + B) + 更 + adj.」在比較的時候用。前面已經說了一個東西,說話的人覺得「A」超過他想的程度。通常在句子前面或後面會說明為什麼這麼覺得。
"A (+ bǐ + B) + gèng + adj." zài bǐjiào de shíhòu yòng. Qiánmiàn yǐjīng shuōle yí gè dōngxī, shuōhuà de rén juédé "A" chāoguò tā xiǎng de chéngdù. Tōngcháng zài jùzi qiánmiàn huò hòumiàn huì shuōmíng wèishénme zhème juédé.
"A (+ bǐ + B) + gèng + adj." is used when making comparisons. After something has already been mentioned, the speaker feels that "A" exceeds that level. Usually, the reason for this feeling is explained before or after the sentence.

範例 (Examples)

在書店 (At a bookstore)
A你看!我覺得這本書好有趣!
A: Nǐ kàn! Wǒ juédé zhè běn shū hǎo yǒuqù!
A: Look! I think this book is so interesting!
B那本書我看過,真的滿有趣的,但是我覺得這本書有趣,書裡說了很多台灣的故事。
B: Nà běn shū wǒ kànguò, zhēnde mǎn yǒuqù de, dànshì wǒ juédé zhè běn shū gèng yǒuqù, shū lǐ shuōle hěnduō Táiwān de gùshì.
B: I've read that book; it's indeed quite interesting. But I think this book is even more interesting. It tells many stories about Taiwan.
A聽起來很有意思,可以給我看看嗎?
A: Tīng qǐlái hěn yǒuyìsi, kěyǐ gěi wǒ kànkan ma?
A: That sounds very interesting. Can I have a look?
在聊天 (Chatting)
A你每天都練習中文超過半個小時,感覺真的很喜歡中文!
A: Nǐ měitiān dōu liànxí Zhōngwén chāoguò bàn gè xiǎoshí, gǎnjué zhēnde hěn xǐhuān Zhōngwén!
A: You practice Chinese for over half an hour every day; it seems you really like Chinese!
B謝謝!可是 Jenny 感覺喜歡中文,她每天都複習中文三個小時。
B: Xièxie! Kěshì Jenny gǎnjué bǐ wǒ gèng xǐhuān Zhōngwén, tā měitiān dōu fùxí Zhōngwén sān gè xiǎoshí.
B: Thanks! But it seems Jenny likes Chinese even more than I do. She reviews Chinese for three hours every day.
A真的嗎?聽起來她真的很喜歡中文。
A: Zhēnde ma? Tīng qǐlái tā zhēnde hěn xǐhuān Zhōngwén.
A: Really? It sounds like she truly loves Chinese.
在家裡 (At home)
A我們等一下要做什麼?
A: Wǒmen děng yíxià yào zuò shénme?
A: What are we doing in a bit?
B我們去運動吧!我想去游泳。
B: Wǒmen qù yùndòng ba! Wǒ xiǎng qù yóuyǒng.
B: Let's go exercise! I want to go swimming.
A可以去公園跑步嗎?
A: Kěyǐ qù gōngyuán pǎobù ma?
A: Can we go running in the park?
B為什麼?
B: Wèishénme?
B: Why?
A因為我覺得游泳很累。
A: Yīnwèi wǒ juédé yóuyǒng hěn lèi.
A: Because I think swimming is very tiring.
B游泳很累嗎?!跑步游泳累吧?
B: Yóuyǒng hěn lèi ma?! Pǎobù bǐ yóuyǒng gèng lèi ba?
B: Swimming is tiring?! Running is even more tiring than swimming, isn't it?
A跑步不用換衣服,我覺得沒有游泳那麼麻煩。
A: Pǎobù búyòng huàn yīfú, wǒ juédé méiyǒu yóuyǒng nàme máfan.
A: You don't need to change clothes for running. I think it's not as troublesome as swimming.

實戰練習 (Exercises)

在學校 (At school)
A你爸爸做什麼工作?
A: Nǐ bàba zuò shénme gōngzuò?
B我的爸爸是工人,你的爸爸呢?
B: Wǒ de bàba shì gōngrén, nǐ de bàba ne?
A我的爸爸是記者。
A: Wǒ de bàba shì jìzhě.
B他工作應該很辛苦吧?
B: Tā gōngzuò yīnggāi hěn xīnkǔ ba?
A有點辛苦,他常常週末也要出去採訪新聞,不過我覺得 ,常常在沒有冷氣或是不舒服的地方工作,真的不容易。
A: Yǒudiǎn xīnkǔ, tā chángcháng zhōumò yě yào chūqù cǎifǎng xīnwén, búguò wǒ juédé [nǐ bàba gèng xīnkǔ], chángcháng zài méiyǒu lěngqì huòshì bù shūfú de dìfāng gōngzuò, zhēnde bù róngyì.
在逛街 (Shopping)
A我們等一下要做什麼?
A: Wǒmen děng yíxià yào zuò shénme?
B我們去咖啡廳吧!今天好熱,我流好多汗。
B: Wǒmen qù kāfēitīng ba! Jīntiān hǎo rè, wǒ liú hǎoduō hàn.
A你怎麼流這麼多汗?那你昨天怎麼辦?昨天
A: Nǐ zěnme liú zhème duō hàn? Nà nǐ zuótiān zěnmebàn? Zuótiān [bǐ jīntiān gèng rè].
B我昨天沒有出門,在家裡休息了一天。
B: Wǒ zuótiān méiyǒu chūmén, zài jiālǐ xiūxíle yì tiān.
A如果你出門,一定會流更多汗。
A: Rúguǒ nǐ chūmén, yídìng huì liú gèng duō hàn.
在聊天 (Chatting)
A明天就要去高雄旅行了,好期待!
A: Míngtiān jiù yào qù Gāoxióng lǚxíng le, hǎo qídài!
B真好!你明天怎麼去?
B: Zhēn hǎo! Nǐ míngtiān zěnme qù?
A我坐火車去。
A: Wǒ zuò huǒchē qù.
B為什麼不坐高鐵去?坐高鐵 ,只要一個小時就到了。
B: Wèishénme bú zuò gāotiě qù? Zuò gāotiě [gèng kuài], zhǐyào yí gè xiǎoshí jiù dào le.
A因為這次我想慢慢看路上的風景,下次有機會再搭高鐵。
A: Yīnwèi zhè cì wǒ xiǎng mànman kàn lùshàng de fēngjǐng, xià cì yǒu jīhuì zài dā gāotiě.
在賣手機的店 (At a mobile phone shop)
朋友你想買什麼手機?
Péngyǒu: Nǐ xiǎng mǎi shénme shǒujī?
我想買 Apple 的手機。
Wǒ: Wǒ xiǎng mǎi Apple de shǒujī.
朋友為什麼不買 Samsung?Samsung 比較便宜。
Péngyǒu: Wèishénme bù mǎi Samsung? Samsung bǐjiào piányí.
我覺得 Apple 很好用,手機的照片用 Air drop 就可以很快傳到電腦了。
Wǒ: Wǒ juédé Apple hěn hǎoyòng, shǒujī de zhàopiàn yòng Air drop jiù kěyǐ hěn kuài chuán dào diànnǎo le.
朋友可是我覺得 ,用它的相機自拍很漂亮,而且比較便宜。
Péngyǒu: Kěshì wǒ juédé [Samsung gèng hǎoyòng], yòng tā de xiàngjī zìpāi hěn piàoliang, érqiě bǐjiào piányí.
在聊天 (Chatting)
媽媽的朋友你女兒好漂亮!
Māma de péngyǒu: Nǐ nǚ'ér hǎo piàoliang!
媽媽沒有啦!你女兒 ,她長得很可愛,眼睛又大大的,一定很多人喜歡。
Māma: Méiyǒu la! Nǐ nǚ'ér [gèng piàoliang], tā zhǎng de hěn kě'ài, yǎnjīng yòu dàdà de, yídìng hěnduō rén xǐhuān.
媽媽的朋友你女兒也是啊!她漂亮又有禮貌,一定也有很多人喜歡!
Māma de péngyǒu: Nǐ nǚ'ér yěshì a! Tā piàoliang yòu yǒu lǐmào, yídìng yěyǒu hěnduō rén xǐhuān!
媽媽謝謝你,她聽到的話晚上可能睡覺會笑。
Māma: Xièxiè nǐ, tā tīngdào de huà wǎnshàng kěnéng shuìjiào huì xiào.

語言習慣的重建需要時間。請透過正確的架構練習來建立大腦的新街道。在 Whitney Mandarin Studio,我們教你單字,更帶你打造一座完整的中文城市。

你曾因為語法錯誤被糾正到自我懷疑嗎?歡迎留言分享你最常搞混的句子。我來為你重新規劃路線。請點擊下方按鈕,讓我們一起精準修正你的語言藍圖。

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秒懂中文 文法解析:「本來」和「原來」怎麼分? (HSK 3-4 / TOCFL Band B)

HSK 3-4 / TOCFL Band B

轉折與發現:本來/原來...後來...

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):
1. 「原來」和「本來」都可以用來表示「以前的、以前的情況」,但重點不同。
"Yuánlái" hé "běnlái" dōu kěyǐ yòng lái biǎoshì "yǐqián de, yǐqián de qíngkuàng", dàn zhòngdiǎn bùtóng.
Both "yuánlái" and "běnlái" can be used to indicate "former situation" or "previously," but with different emphases.
「原來」表示時間上的以前的/以前某一時期。而「本來」則強調「計劃中的」。
"Yuánlái" biǎoshì shíjiān shàng de yǐqián de / yǐqián mǒu yì shíqī. Ér "běnlái" zé qiángdiào "jìhuà zhōng de".
"Yuánlái" refers to a previous time or period, while "běnlái" emphasizes something that was "planned."
2. 「原來」表達「意料之外的事情」。例如:發現了以前不知道的事情,或者我們沒想到的事情。
"Yuánlái" biǎodá "yìliào zhī wài de shìqíng", lìrú fāxiàn le yǐqián bù zhīdào de shìqíng, huòzhě wǒmen méi xiǎngdào de shìqíng.
"Yuánlái" expresses "unexpected matters," such as discovering something previously unknown or something one hadn't thought of.

範例 (Examples)

一、「原來」 (I. Yuánlái)
他中文說得這麼好,我現在才知道原來他的媽媽是中國人。
Tā Zhōngwén shuō de zhème hǎo, wǒ xiànzài cái zhīdào yuánlái tā de māma shì Zhōngguórén.
He speaks Chinese so well; I only now found out that his mother is Chinese.
我的電腦放在桌上怎麼突然不見了,原來是你拿走了。
Wǒ de diànnǎo fàng zài zhuō shàng zěnme tūrán bújiàn le, yuánlái shì nǐ ná zǒu le.
My computer was on the desk—how did it suddenly disappear? It turns out you took it.
二、「原來」VS.「本來」 (II. Yuánlái vs. Běnlái)
原來的那個女朋友姓李,現在的女朋友姓張。
Tā yuánlái de nàge nǚpéngyǒu xìng Lǐ, xiànzài de nǚpéngyǒu xìng Zhāng.
His former girlfriend was surnamed Li; his current girlfriend is surnamed Zhang.
這家店原來的老闆是法國人,做的東西很好吃。
Zhè jiā diàn yuánlái de lǎobǎn shì Fǎguórén, zuò de dōngxī hěn hǎochī.
The original owner of this shop was French; the things he made were delicious.
本來計畫畢業後出國,但媽媽突然生病了,所以我一直留在國內。
Wǒ běnlái jìhuà bìyè hòu chūguó, dàn māma tūrán shēngbìng le, suǒyǐ wǒ yìzhí liú zài guónèi.
I originally planned to go abroad after graduation, but my mother suddenly fell ill, so I have stayed in the country.
公司本來打算派我去德國出差,但我拒絕了。
Gōngsī běnlái dǎsuàn pài wǒ qù Déguó chūchāi, dàn wǒ jùjué le.
The company originally intended to send me to Germany on a business trip, but I refused.
三、當「本來」沒有「計劃性」,只用來表示「以前」的意思,就和「原來」一樣。
(III. When "běnlái" lacks "intentionality" and only expresses "previously," it is the same as "yuánlái".)
原來/本來這裡沒有住什麼人,現在變成了一個大城市。
Yuánlái/Běnlái zhèlǐ méiyǒu zhù shénme rén, xiànzài biànchéng le yí gè dà chéngshì.
Originally, not many people lived here, but now it has become a large city.
人們原來/本來想看書都會去圖書館,現在有越來越多的人看電子書,很少人去圖書館看書了。
Rénmen yuánlái/běnlái xiǎng kànshū dōu huì qù túshūguǎn, xiànzài yǒu yuè lái yuè duō de rén kàn diànzǐshū, hěn shǎo rén qù túshūguǎn kànshū le.
People used to go to the library when they wanted to read, but now more and more people read e-books, and few go to the library to read.
朋友你們家這隻狗好可愛喔!你們家還有養其他動物嗎?
Péngyǒu: Nǐmen jiā zhè zhī gǒu hǎo kě'ài ō! Nǐmen jiā hái yǒu yǎng qítā dòngwù ma?
Friend: Your dog is so cute! Do you have any other animals?
本來/原來還有一隻貓,可是牠去年走了。
Wǒ: Běnlái/Yuánlái hái yǒu yì zhī māo, kěshì tā qùnián zǒu le.
Me: We originally had a cat too, but it passed away last year.

實戰練習 (Exercises)

認識朋友 (Meeting a friend)
A跟你介紹一位朋友,他是 John,現在在 xx 公司工作。
A: Gēn nǐ jièshào yí wèi péngyǒu, tā shì John, xiànzài zài xx gōngsī gōngzuò.
B啊!我聽他說過你的名字, 你就是 John! 很高興認識你!
B: A! Wǒ tīng tā shuōguò nǐ de míngzì, [yuánlái] nǐ jiùshì John! Hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ!
John我也很高興認識你!
John: Wǒ yě hěn gāoxìng rènshi nǐ!
在學校聊天 (Chatting at school)
A你今天怎麼來學校的?
A: Nǐ jīntiān zěnme lái xuéxiào de?
B我今天坐公車來的。
B: Wǒ jīntiān zuò gōngchē lái de.
A為什麼呀?你平常不是走路來嗎?
A: Wèishénme ya? Nǐ píngcháng búshì zǒulù lái ma?
B對啊!但是今天下大雨,我 ,後來覺得雨太大了,決定坐公車。
B: Duì a! Dànshì jīntiān xià dàyǔ, wǒ [běnlái xiǎng zǒulù de], hòulái juédé yǔ tài dà le, juédìng zuò gōngchē.
在聊天 (Chatting)
A你是哪一年出生的?
A: Nǐ shì nǎ yì nián chūshēng de?
B我是 2002 年出生的,屬馬。
B: Wǒ shì èr líng líng èr nián chūshēng de, shǔ mǎ.
A 你屬馬啊!我以為你屬猴。
A: [Yuánlái] nǐ shǔ mǎ a! Wǒ yǐwéi nǐ shǔ hóu.
B哈哈!沒有那麼年輕啦!
B: Hāhā! Méiyǒu nàme niánqīng la!
在車站 (At the station)
A你們兩個是一起來的嗎?
A: Nǐmen liǎng gè shì yìqǐ lái de ma?
B不是,我們剛剛在這裡遇到的。
B: Búshì, wǒmen gānggāng zài zhèlǐ yùdào de.
A是嗎?!你們看起來像認識很久的朋友。
A: Shì ma?! Nǐmen kàn qǐlái xiàng rènshi hěn jiǔ de péngyǒu.
B真的嗎?我們 ,後來聊了一下就熟了。
B: Zhēnde ma? Wǒmen [yuánlái bú rènshì], hòulái liáo le yíxià jiù shóu le.
在家門口 (At the house entrance)
朋友你們家好漂亮!
Péngyǒu: Nǐmen jiā hǎo piàoliang!
(我們家) ,我們去年花了很多錢弄的。
Wǒ: (Wǒmen jiā) [yuánlái méiyǒu zhème piàoliang], wǒmen qùnián huā le hěnduō qián nòng de.
朋友 是這樣!不過弄得很好呢!
Péngyǒu: [Yuánlái] shì zhèyàng! Búguò nòng de hěn hǎo ne!
謝謝!我也很喜歡這個設計。
Wǒ: Xièxiè! Wǒ yě hěn xǐhuān zhège shèjì.

語言習慣的重建需要時間。請透過正確的架構練習來建立大腦的新街道。在 Whitney Mandarin Studio,我們教你單字,更帶你打造一座完整的中文城市。

你曾因為語法錯誤被糾正到自我懷疑嗎?歡迎留言分享你最常搞混的句子。我來為你重新規劃路線。請點擊下方按鈕,讓我們一起精準修正你的語言藍圖。

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秒懂中文 距離表達:如何正確使用「A 離 B」句型 (HSK 2 / TOCFL A1)

HSK 2 / TOCFL Band A

距離句型:A 離 B Vs

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):
1. 表達感覺 A 跟 B 的距離遠近,後面通常接「建議」、「提議」等。
Biǎodá gǎnjué A gēn B de jùlí yuǎnjìn, hòumiàn tōngcháng jiē "jiànyì", "tíyì" děng.
Used to express the perceived distance between A and B, usually followed by "suggestions" or "proposals."

範例 (Examples)

在聊天 (Chatting)
阿姨明天要去哪裡?
Āyí: Míngtiān yào qù nǎlǐ?
Auntie: Where are you going tomorrow?
明天去台北 101。
Wǒ: Míngtiān qù Táiběi yì líng yī.
Me: I'm going to Taipei 101 tomorrow.
阿姨很遠嗎?
Āyí: Hěn yuǎn ma?
Auntie: Is it far?
不會,我們住的地方差不多 5 公里,搭捷運 15 分鐘就到了。
Wǒ: Búhuì, lí wǒmen zhù de dìfāng chàbùduō wǔ gōnglǐ, dā jiéyùn shíwǔ fēnzhōng jiù dào le.
Me: Not at all; it's about 5 kilometers from where we live, and it takes 15 minutes by MRT.
在學校 (At school)
朋友你以後要去哪裡讀書?
Péngyǒu: Nǐ yǐhòu yào qù nǎlǐ dúshū?
Friend: Where are you going to study in the future?
我想去美國。
Wǒ: Wǒ xiǎng qù Měiguó.
Me: I want to go to the US.
朋友美國台灣有點遠,這樣我們就不能常常一起聊天、一起玩了......
Péngyǒu: Měiguó lí Táiwān yǒudiǎn yuǎn, zhèyàng wǒmen jiù bùnéng chángcháng yìqǐ liáotiān, yìqǐ wán le...
Friend: The US is a bit far from Taiwan; that means we won't be able to chat and play together often...
對啊......歡迎你來找我玩!
Wǒ: Duì a... huānyíng nǐ lái zhǎo wǒ wán!
Me: Yeah... you are welcome to come visit me!
在車上 (In the car)
爸爸幫我找一間這裡最近的加油站,快沒油了。
Bàba: Bāng wǒ zhǎo yì jiān lí zhèlǐ zuìjìn de jiāyóuzhàn, kuài méiyóu le.
Dad: Help me find the nearest gas station from here; I'm almost out of gas.
好。
Wǒ: Hǎo.
Me: Okay.

實戰練習 (Exercises)

在家 (At home)
爸爸要不要爸爸帶你去學校?
Bàba: Yào bú yào bàba dài nǐ qù xuéxiào?
Dad: Do you want me to take you to school?
不用啦! ,走路五分鐘就到了。
Wǒ: Búyòng la! [Xuéxiào lí zhèlǐ hěn jìn], zǒulù wǔ fēnzhōng jiù dào le.
Me: No need! ________, it's only a five-minute walk.
爸爸那你路上小心喔!
Bàba: Nà nǐ lùshàng xiǎoxīn ō!
Dad: Then be careful on your way!
好,謝謝爸爸!
Wǒ: Hǎo, xièxiè bàba!
Me: Okay, thanks Dad!
在旅行 (On a trip)
朋友我們等一下要去哪裡?
Péngyǒu: Wǒmen děng yíxià yào qù nǎlǐ?
Friend: Where are we going later?
聽說火車站附近有一間好吃的甜點店。
Wǒ: Tīngshuō huǒchēzhàn fùjìn yǒu yì jiān hǎochī de tiándiǎndiàn.
Me: I heard there's a delicious dessert shop near the train station.
朋友這裡 嗎?會不會走很久?
Péngyǒu: Zhèlǐ [lí tiándiǎndiàn hěn yuǎn] ma? Huì bú huì zǒu hěn jiǔ?
Friend: Is it ________ from here? Will it be a long walk?
還好,走路差不多七分鐘就到了。
Wǒ: Háihǎo, zǒulù chàbùduō qī fēnzhōng jiù dào le.
Me: It's alright; it takes about seven minutes to walk there.
在家 (At home)
媽媽幫我拿一下那個杯子。
Māma: Bāng wǒ ná yíxià nàge bēizi.
Mom: Help me get that cup.
可以叫哥哥拿嗎?
Wǒ: Kěyǐ jiào gēge ná ma?
Me: Can you ask my brother to get it?
媽媽,所以才叫你幫忙。
Māma: Nǐ [lí bēizi bǐjiào jìn], suǒyǐ cái jiào nǐ bāngmáng.
Mom: You are ________, that's why I asked for your help.
好啦!
Wǒ: Hǎo la!
Me: Fine!

語言習慣的重建需要時間。請透過正確的架構練習來建立大腦的新街道。在 Whitney Mandarin Studio,我們教你單字,更帶你打造一座完整的中文城市。

你曾因為語法錯誤被糾正到自我懷疑嗎?歡迎留言分享你最常搞混的句子。我來為你重新規劃路線。請點擊下方按鈕,讓我們一起精準修正你的語言藍圖。

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秒懂中文比較句 :用「A沒有B這麼…」 (HSK 3 / TOCFL Band B- A1 語法指南)

HSK 3 / TOCFL Band B- A1

比較句型:A 沒有 B 這麼/那麼 Adjective

語法解析 (Grammar Analysis):

1. 用於比較 A 與 B 的程度差異。
Yòng yú bǐjiào A yǔ B de chéngdù chāyì. Used to compare the difference in degree between A and B.
2. 常見於「委婉表達」或「事實與預期不符」的情境。
Chángjiàn yú "wěiwǎn biǎodá" huò "shìshí yǔ yùqī bùfú" de qíngjìng. Commonly used for "euphemistic expressions" or when "something is different from what was originally thought".

基礎結構:A 沒有 B 這麼/那麼 Vs

情境:聊身高 (Chatting about height)

阿姨:你們姊妹兩個是不是都 170 公分呀?
Āyí: Nǐmen jiěmèi liǎng ge shì bú shì dōu yìbǎi qīshí gōngfēn ya?

我:我們沒有阿姨說的那麼高,都差不多 165 公分。
Wǒ: Wǒmen méiyǒu āyí shuō de nàme gāo, dōu chàbùduō yìbǎi liùshíwǔ gōngfēn. Me: We are not as tall as you said, Auntie; we are both around 165 cm.

情境:讀書地點 (Study location)

朋友:為什麼不想去圖書館讀書?
Péngyǒu: Wèishénme bù xiǎng qù túshūguǎn dúshū?

我:因為我覺得圖書館沒有我房間那麼舒服。
Wǒ: Yīnwèi wǒ juédé túshūguǎn méiyǒu wǒ fángjiān nàme shūfú. Me: Because I feel the library is not as comfortable as my room.

情境:覺得課程太難 (Feeling the lesson is hard)

同學:我覺得這一課好難。
Tóngxué: Wǒ juédé zhè yí kè hǎo nán.

我:沒有你想的那麼難,只是生詞多了一些。
Wǒ: Méiyǒu nǐ xiǎng de nàme nán, zhǐshì shēngcí duō le yìxiē. Me: It's not as hard as you think; there are just a few more new vocabulary words.

實戰練習一 (Exercise 1)

1. 你跟好朋友一樣高嗎?
Nǐ gēn hǎo péngyǒu yíyàng gāo ma?

A: 沒有,我
Méiyǒu, wǒ [méiyǒu tā nàme gāo].

2. 我覺得學俄文好難,你覺得呢?
Wǒ juédé xué Èwén hǎo nán, nǐ juédé ne?

A: 我覺得
Wǒ juédé [méiyǒu nǐ xiǎng de nàme nán].

3. 你為什麼不想去這間餐廳吃飯?
Nǐ wèishénme bù xiǎng qù zhè jiān cāntīng chīfàn?

A: 因為我覺得
Yīnwèi wǒ juédé [méiyǒu wǒ māma zuò de nàme hǎochī].


進階結構:A VO 沒有 B V得 這麼/那麼 Vs

情境:運動表現 (Sports performance)

阿姨:你網球打得真好!
Āyí: Nǐ wǎngqiú dǎ de zhēn hǎo!

我:沒有哥哥打得那麼好,他還參加過比賽呢!
Wǒ: Méiyǒu gēge dǎ de nàme hǎo, tā hái cānjiāguò bǐsài ne! Me: I don't play as well as my older brother; he even participated in a competition!

情境:買衣服 (Buying clothes)

媽媽:你們姊妹是不是都喜歡買衣服?
Māma: Nǐmen jiěmèi shì bú shì dōu xǐhuān mǎi yīfú?

我:對啊,可是我沒有姊姊買得那麼多。
Wǒ: Duì a, kěshì wǒ méiyǒu jiějie mǎi de nàme duō. Me: Yes, but I don't buy as many as my older sister.

情境:選擇餐廳 (Choosing a restaurant)

同事:今天中午要去哪裡吃飯?
Tóngshì: Jīntiān zhōngwǔ yào qù nǎlǐ chīfàn?

我:我想去對面那家餐廳。
Wǒ: Wǒ xiǎng qù duìmiàn nà jiā cāntīng.

同事:我覺得那家做得沒有公司後面那家好吃。
Tóngshì: Wǒ juédé nà jiā zuò de méiyǒu gōngsī hòumiàn nà jiā hǎochī. Colleague: I feel their food is not as delicious as the one behind the office.

實戰練習二 (Exercise 2)

妹妹:今天下雨下得好久喔!已經下了五個小時了!
Mèimei: Jīntiān xià yǔ xià de hǎojiǔ ō! Yǐjīng xià le wǔ gè xiǎoshí le!

我: ,昨天下了十個小時呢!
Wǒ: [Jīntiān méiyǒu zuótiān xià de nàme jiǔ], zuótiān xià le shí gè xiǎoshí ne!

媽媽:我們家的人好像都喜歡喝茶?
Māma: Wǒmen jiā de rén hǎoxiàng dōu xǐhuān hē chá?

我:對啊,可是我 ,哥哥每天都喝。
Wǒ: Duì a, kěshì wǒ [hē chá méiyǒu gēge hē de nàme duō], gēge měitiān dōu hē.

同事:你可以幫我泡要給老闆的咖啡嗎?
Tóngshì: Nǐ kěyǐ bāng wǒ pào yào gěi lǎobǎn de kāfēi ma?

我:可以啊,可是我覺得
Wǒ: Kěyǐ a, kěshì wǒ juédé [wǒ méiyǒu nǐ pào de nàme hǎochē].

語言習慣的重建需要時間。請透過正確的架構練習來建立大腦的新街道。在 Whitney Mandarin Studio,我們教你單字,更帶你打造一座完整的中文城市。

你曾因為語法錯誤被糾正到自我懷疑嗎?歡迎留言分享你最常搞混的句子。我來為你重新規劃路線。請點擊下方按鈕,讓我們一起精準修正你的語言藍圖。

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中文學習者必看: 秒懂「 是…的 」 句型正確用法與情境練習

中文學習者必看:秒懂「是...的」句型正確用法與情境練習

想要精準強調動作發生的時間、地點、人物或方式嗎?這篇文章為您詳細解析中文核心語法「是...的」句型的底層邏輯。我們透過生活化的情境對話與實戰練習,幫助學習者輕鬆掌握強調句的用法,不再為細節提問感到困惑。本篇教學特別適合 (HSK 2 / TOCFL Band B- A1) 的學生閱讀。立刻跟著筆記練習,讓您的中文口語表達更道地、更流暢!

語法:「是...的」 (HSK 2 / TOCFL Band B- A1)

Yǔfǎ: “shì... de”
Grammar: "shì... de" (Used for emphasis on details)

*是...的 (shì... de)

1. 前面已經說過的東西,想要知道更多的資訊。
Qiánmiàn yǐjīng shuōguò de dōngxī, xiǎngyào zhīdào gèng duō de zīxùn.
Something mentioned before, and you want to know more details about it.

2. 通常在聊已經發生的事,想要問「什麼時候、在哪裏、誰、怎麼」這幾個資訊的時候使用。
Tōngcháng zài liáo yǐjīng fāshēng de shì, xiǎngyào wèn “shénme shíhòu, zài nǎlǐ, shuí, zěnme” zhè jǐ gè zīxùn de shíhòu shǐyòng.
Usually used when talking about past events to ask for specific details like "when, where, who, or how."

3. 「是」可以省略,但是句尾「的」不可以省略。
“Shì” kěyǐ shěnglüè, dànshì jùwěi “de” bù kěyǐ shěnglüè.
"shì" can be omitted, but the "de" at the end of the sentence cannot.

範例(Fànlì)Examples:

(桌上有塊吃一半的蛋糕,媽媽說過要送給朋友,不可以吃)
(Zhuō shàng yǒu kuài chī yíbàn de dàngāo, māma shuōguò yào sòng gěi péngyǒu, bù kěyǐ chī)
(There's a half-eaten cake on the table; Mom said it's for a friend and shouldn't be eaten)

媽媽問:是誰吃的?是你吃的嗎?
Māma wèn: Shì shuí chī de? Shì nǐ chī de ma?
Mom asks: Who ate it? Was it you?

我:不是我吃的,是妹妹吃的。
Wǒ: Búshì wǒ chī de, shì mèimei chī de.
Me: It wasn't me; it was my younger sister.

A: 我上個星期去綠島玩。
A: Wǒ shàng gè xīngqī qù Lǜdǎo wán.
A: I went to Green Island last week.

B: 好玩嗎?你是怎麼去的?搭船嗎?
B: Hǎowán ma? Nǐ shì zěnme qù de? Dā chuán ma?
B: Was it fun? How did you get there? By boat?

A: 對!我(是)從台東搭船去的。天氣好熱!但是島上的風景很漂亮,我覺得很好玩!
A: Duì! Wǒ (shì) cóng Táidōng dā chuán qù de. Tiānqì hǎo rè! Dànshì dǎoshàng de fēngjǐng hěn piàoliang, wǒ juédé hěn hǎowán!
A: Yes! I took the boat from Taitung. The weather was so hot! But the scenery on the island was beautiful; I had a lot of fun!

B: 我以後也想去!你這次是跟誰去的?
B: Wǒ yǐhòu yě xiǎng qù! Nǐ zhè cì shì gēn shuí qù de?
B: I want to go in the future too! Who did you go with this time?

A: 因為大家都沒有空,這次我是自己去的。
A: Yīnwèi dàjiā dōu méiyǒu kòng, zhè cì wǒ shì zìjǐ qù de.
A: Since everyone was busy, I went by myself this time.

B: 那下次你要去綠島的時候,可以約我一起嗎?
B: Nà xià cì nǐ yào qù Lǜdǎo de shíhòu, kěyǐ yuē wǒ yìqǐ ma?
B: Next time you go to Green Island, can you invite me to go along?

A: 當然沒問題!
A: Dāngrán méi wèntí!
A: Of course, no problem!

A: 好久沒見到友美了。
A: Hǎojiǔ méi jiàndào Yǒuměi le.
A: I haven't seen Tomomi for a long time.

B: 咦?我昨天見到她了。
B: Yí? Wǒ zuótiān jiàndào tā le.
B: Huh? I saw her yesterday.

A: 什麼!你在哪裡見到她的?
A: Shénme! Nǐ zài nǎlǐ jiàndào tā de?
A: What! Where did you see her?

B: 在我家樓下的超市見到的,她去買東西。
B: Zài wǒjiā lóuxià de chāoshì jiàndào de, tā qù mǎi dōngxi.
B: I saw her at the supermarket downstairs from my house; she was shopping.

A: 她回台灣了嗎?上次她說要回日本,可是我不知道她要回去多久......。
A: Tā huí Táiwān le ma? Shàng cì tā shuō yào huí Rìběn, kěshì wǒ bù zhīdào tā yào huíqù duōjiǔ...
A: Is she back in Taiwan? Last time she said she was going back to Japan, but I didn't know how long she would be away...

B: 她應該是上個星期回來的,我上週末也在學校見到她了。
B: Tā yīnggāi shì shàng gè xīngqī huílái de, wǒ shàng zhōumò yě zài xuéxiào jiàndào tā le.
B: She probably came back last week; I saw her at school last weekend too.

A: 原來如此。我們好久沒見了,我想問問她這個週末有沒有空一起吃個飯,你要不要一起?
A: Yuánlái rúcǐ. Wǒmen hǎojiǔ méi jiàn le, wǒ xiǎng wènwen tā zhège zhōumò yǒu méiyǒu kòng yìqǐ chī gè fàn, nǐ yào bú yào yìqǐ?
A: I see. We haven't seen each other for a long time. I want to ask her if she's free for a meal this weekend. Do you want to join?

B: 好啊!週末我有空,可以一起!
B: Hǎo a! Zhōumò wǒ yǒu kòng, kěyǐ yìqǐ!
B: Sure! I'm free this weekend; I can join!

練習題 (Liànxítí / Exercises):
*對話一 (Duìhuà yī / Dialogue 1)

A: 你看!這是我買的新衣服。
(Nǐ kàn! Zhè shì wǒ mǎi de xīn yīfú. / A: Look! These are the new clothes I bought.)

B: 好漂亮呀!你 ?貴不貴?
(Hǎo piàoliang ya! Nǐ [ ]? Guì bú guì? / B: So pretty! [ ]? Was it expensive?)

A: 我是在我家附近的百貨公司買的,差不多一千五百塊。
(Wǒ shì zài wǒjiā fùjìn de bǎihuò gōngsī mǎi de, chàbùduō yìqiān wǔbǎi kuài. / A: I bought them at the department store near my house; it was about 1,500 dollars.)

*對話二 (Duìhuà èr / Dialogue 2)

A: 我昨天看到中明的女朋友了。
(Wǒ zuótiān kàndào Zhōngmíng de nǚpéngyǒu le. / A: I saw Zhongming's girlfriend yesterday.)

B: 你
(Nǐ [ ]? / B: Where did you [ ]?)

A: 我是在咖啡廳看到的。
(Wǒ shì zài kāfēitīng kàndào de. / A: I saw her at a cafe.)

*對話三 (Duìhuà sān / Dialogue 3)

A: 聽說宜文去台南了。
(Tīng shuō Yíwén qù Táinán le. / A: I heard Yi-wen went to Tainan.)

B: 你
(Nǐ [ ]? / B: How did you [ ]?)

A: 我是聽她姊姊說的。
(Wǒ shì tīng tā jiějie shuō de. / A: I heard it from her older sister.)

B: 她(宜文)
(Tā (Yíwén) [ ]? / B: When did she [ ]?)

A: 她姊姊說她是昨天去的。
(Tā jiějie shuō tā shì zuótiān qù de. / A: Her sister said she went yesterday.)

B: 她是開車去的嗎?
(Tā shì kāichē qù de ma? / B: Did she go by car?)

A: 不是,聽說她
(Búshì, tīng shuō tā [ ]. / A: No, I heard she [ ].)

B: 坐高鐵的話,一定很快!那她 呀?
(Zuò gāotiě de huà, yídìng hěn kuài! Nà tā [ ] ya? / B: If she took the HSR, it must be fast! Then who did she [ ]?)

A: 她是跟她同學一起去的。
(Tā shì gēn tā tóngxué yìqǐ qù de. / A: She went with her classmate.)

語言習慣的重建需要時間。請透過正確的架構練習來建立大腦的新街道。在 Whitney Mandarin Studio,我們教你單字,更帶你打造一座完整的中文城市。

你曾因為語法錯誤被糾正到自我懷疑嗎?歡迎留言分享你最常搞混的句子。我來為你重新規劃路線。請點擊下方按鈕,讓我們一起精準修正你的語言藍圖。

聯絡我們

語法: 否定詞 「 不 」 vs. 「 沒 」

破解中文大魔王: 不 與 沒 的正確用法

許多外籍學生常常搞混「不」和「沒」。這篇文章為大家整理了最核心的文法差異。我們透過清晰的範例幫助大家建立正確的語感。立刻跟著這份筆記練習,讓你的中文表達更加精準流暢!

不 (bù):

我的想法:我不想吃、我不要去上課、我明天不會來學校。
Wǒ de xiǎngfǎ: Wǒ bù xiǎng chī, wǒ búyào qù shàngkè, wǒ míngtiān búhuì lái xuéxiào.
My thoughts/intentions: I don’t want to eat, I don’t want to go to class, I won’t come to school tomorrow.

我的習慣:我不喜歡喝咖啡、我不吃早餐。
Wǒ de xíguàn: Wǒ bù xǐhuān hē kāfēi, wǒ bù chī zǎocān.
My habits: I don’t like drinking coffee, I don’t eat breakfast.

客觀事實:我不知道這個字、我不會說中文、天氣不熱、上課不能用手機、地鐵上不可以吃東西。
Kèguān shìshí: Wǒ bù zhīdào zhège zì, wǒ búhuì shuō Zhōngwén, tiānqì bú rè, shàngkè bùnéng yòng shǒujī, dìtiě shàng bù kěyǐ chī dōngxi.
Objective facts: I don’t know this character, I can’t speak Chinese, the weather is not hot, you cannot use phones in class, you may not eat on the subway.

沒 (méi):

過去的事:我沒吃水果、我沒去學校、他昨天沒看電視。
Guòqù de shì: Wǒ méi chī shuǐguǒ, wǒ méi qù xuéxiào, tā zuótiān méi kàn diànshì.
Past events: I didn't eat fruit, I didn't go to school, he didn't watch TV yesterday.

否定「有」:我昨天沒有喝茶、他沒有課本。
Fǒudìng “yǒu”: Wǒ zuótiān méiyǒu hē chá, tā méiyǒu kèběn.
Negating "have": I didn't drink tea yesterday, he doesn't have a textbook.

「還」+沒,表示事情到現在還沒做:我還沒寫作業 (可能等一下會寫)。
“Hái” + méi, biǎoshì shìqíng dào xiànzài hái méi zuò: Wǒ hái méi xiě zuòyè (kěnéng děng yīxià huì xiě).
"hái" + méi (not yet): I haven't done my homework yet (might do it later).

範例(Fànlì)Examples:

A: 今天天氣冷嗎?
A: Jīntiān tiānqì lěng ma?
A: Is the weather cold today?

B: 今天天氣不冷
B: Jīntiān tiānqì bù lěng.
B: The weather is not cold today.

A: 你吃早餐了嗎?
A: Nǐ chī zǎocān le ma?
A: Have you eaten breakfast?

B:
吃了 (已經吃早餐了)
Chī le (yǐjīng chī zǎocān le)
Yes, I ate. (Already had breakfast)

沒吃 (否定過去,聽的人不知道他等一下會不會吃早餐)
Méi chī (fǒudìng guòqù, tīng de rén bù zhīdào tā děng yīxià huì bú huì chī zǎocān)
Didn't eat. (Negating the past; the listener doesn't know if they will eat later)

還沒吃 (聽的人覺得他等一下可能會吃早餐)
Hái méi chī (tīng de rén juédé tā děng yīxià kěnéng huì chī zǎocān)
Not yet. (The listener feels they might eat later)

我不吃早餐 (沒有吃早餐的習慣)
Wǒ bù chī zǎocān (méiyǒu chī zǎocān de xíguàn)
I don't eat breakfast. (Has no habit of eating breakfast)

練習題一:請填入「不」或「沒」
Liànxítí yī: Qǐng tiánrù “bù” huò “méi”
Exercise 1: Please fill in "bù" or "méi"

我昨天 去學校。
(Wǒ zuótiān [ ] qù xuéxiào.)

喜歡喝茶。
(Wǒ [ ] xǐhuān hē chá.)

會說中文。
(Tā [ ] huì shuō Zhōngwén.)

我現在不餓, 想吃飯。
(Wǒ xiànzài bú è, [ ] xiǎng chīfàn.)

我今天早上 吃早餐。
(Wǒ jīntiān zǎoshàng [ ] chī zǎocān.)

天氣 熱。
(Tiānqì [ ] rè.)

有錢。
(Tā [ ] yǒuqián.)

知道這個字。
(Wǒ [ ] zhīdào zhège zì.)

練習題二:請選出正確的答案
Liànxítí èr: Qǐng xuǎnchū zhèngquè de dá'àn
Exercise 2: Please choose the correct answer

A:你昨天看電影了嗎?
(Nǐ zuótiān kàn diànyǐng le ma?)

B:我昨天 看電影。
(Wǒ zuótiān [ ] kàn diànyǐng.)

A:你想喝咖啡嗎?
(Nǐ xiǎng hē kāfēi ma?)

B:謝謝,我 喝咖啡。我喝茶就好。
(Xièxiè, wǒ [ ] hē kāfēi. Wǒ hē chá jiù hǎo.)

A:你寫作業了嗎?
(Nǐ xiě zuòyè le ma?)

B:我還 寫。(等一下會寫)
(Wǒ hái [ ] xiě.)

A:今天外面怎麼樣?
(Jīntiān wàimiàn zěnmeyàng?)

B:今天天氣 冷,可以穿短袖。
(Jīntiān tiānqì [ ] lěng, kěyǐ chuān duǎnxiù.)

A:你的手機呢?
(Nǐ de shǒujī ne?)

B:我 帶手機,放在家裡了。
(Wǒ [ ] dài shǒujī, fàng zài jiālǐ le.)

練習題三:請填入「不」或「沒」
Liànxítí sān: Qǐng tiánrù “bù” huò “méi”
Exercise 3: Please fill in "bù" or "méi"

A:早安!你吃早餐了嗎?
A: Zǎo'ān! Nǐ chī zǎocān le ma?
A: Good morning! Have you eaten breakfast?

B:我還(1) 吃。我平常(2) 吃早餐。
B: Wǒ hái (1) [ ] chī. Wǒ píngcháng (2) [ ] chī zǎocān.
B: I haven't (1) [ ] eaten yet. I usually (2) [ ] don't eat breakfast.

A:真的嗎?為什麼?
A: Zhēnde ma? Wèishénme?
A: Really? Why?

B:因為我早上(3) 餓。
B: Yīnwèi wǒ zǎoshàng (3) [ ] è.
B: Because I am (3) [ ] not hungry in the morning.

A:那你昨天有吃早餐嗎?
A: Nà nǐ zuótiān yǒu chī zǎocān ma?
A: Then did you eat breakfast yesterday?

B:昨天(4) 吃,前天也(5) 吃。
B: Zuótiān (4) [ ] chī, qiántiān yě (5) [ ] chī.
B: I (4) [ ] didn't eat yesterday, and I (5) [ ] didn't eat the day before yesterday either.

A:你(6) 喜歡吃早餐?
A: Nǐ (6) [ ] xǐhuān chī zǎocān?
A: You (6) [ ] don't like eating breakfast?

B:其實(7) 是(8) 喜歡,只是早上(9) 有時間。
B: Qíshí (7) [ ] shì (8) [ ] xǐhuān, zhǐshì zǎoshàng (9) [ ] yǒu shíjiān.
B: Actually, it's (7) [ ] not that I (8) [ ] don't like it, it's just that I (9) [ ] don't have time in the morning.

A:我今天有買三明治,你要吃嗎?
A: Wǒ jīntiān yǒu mǎi sānmíngzhì, nǐ yào chī ma?
A: I bought a sandwich today, do you want to eat?

B:好!謝謝!那我(10) 客氣了!
B: Hǎo! Xièxiè! Nà wǒ (10) [ ] kèqì le!
B: Okay! Thanks! Then I (10) [ ] won't be polite!

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Whitney Mandarin Studio
課程預約及服務條款

為保障雙方權益,在您(以下簡稱「學員」)進行課程預約及付款前,請務必詳閱以下服務條款。當您完成預約或付款程序時,即視為您已閱讀、瞭解並同意遵守本條款之所有內容。

一、 法源依據與解除權之排除

本課程服務屬於「非以有形媒介提供之數位內容或一經提供即為完成之線上服務」,且本課程內容係依學員需求進行「客製化給付」。依據《消費者保護法》第 19 條第 1 項但書及《通訊交易解除權合理例外情事適用準則》第 2 條第 2 款及第 5 款規定,本服務排除七日猶豫期(鑑賞期)之適用。學員同意於課程預約成立後,除本條款另有約定外,不得主張無條件退費。

二、 授課時間與出缺席規範

本課程採預約制,為維護教學品質及雙方時間權益,應共同遵守以下規範:

1. 學員遲到與缺席責任(受領遲延):
  • 彈性等候時間:課程設有 20 分鐘之連線緩衝時間。課程表定開始時間起算 20 分鐘內,學員皆可上線進行課程,惟課程結束時間將依原定時間結束,不予順延。
  • 視為缺席:若學員於課程開始後逾 20 分鐘仍未上線,即構成民法上之受領遲延。視同學員無故缺席,該堂課程視為已履行教學義務,本工作室不予補課,亦不退還該堂費用。
  • 遲到不補時:若學員遲到(未逾 20 分鐘),授課教師將依原定時間進行教學至表定結束時間止,遲到之時間視為學員自願放棄,不提供補時、補課或依比例退費。
2. 講師遲到與補救措施(給付遲延):
  • 若授課教師於課程開始後逾 10 分鐘仍未上線,即構成給付遲延。
  • 針對該次遲延,本工作室將提供補課機會,學員得請求重新選擇上課時間,以保障受教權益。

三、 請假與補課規範

1. 一般請假(24小時前):

學員如欲更改上課時間或請假,至遲應於該堂課程表定開始時間 24 小時前通知本工作室。於期限內完成通知程序者,得保留該堂課程權益並另行安排補課。

2. 臨時請假或未通知(24小時內):

若未於前述期限(課前 24 小時)內通知、或於課前 24 小時內臨時請假者,因授課教師之時段已保留且無法另行安排,視同該堂課程已正式使用。學員不得請求補課、延期或退還該堂費用。

四、 預約限制與課程內容授權

1. 不受理臨時預約:

為確保教學品質及行政作業流程,本課程不接受臨時插課或當日預約。所有課程均須依規定程序提前完成預約。

2. 智慧財產權與錄影規範:
  • 本課程內容均為針對學員需求之「客製化設計」,其教材、講義及教學過程之智慧財產權歸屬於本工作室或授課教師所有。
  • 本課程不提供錄影檔案。
  • 依據《著作權法》及《民法》相關規定,未經本工作室書面同意,學員嚴禁於課程中進行錄音、錄影、截圖或重製,亦不得將課程內容公開傳輸或散布予第三人。違者將依法追究相關民、刑事責任。

Whitney Mandarin Studio
Booking & Service Terms

To protect the rights of both parties, please ensure you (hereinafter referred to as the "Student") carefully read the following service terms before booking and paying for a course. Completing the booking or payment process implies that you have read, understood, and agreed to abide by all the contents of these terms.

1. Legal Basis & Exclusion of Right of Rescission

This course service is considered "digital content not supplied on a tangible medium or an online service completed upon provision," and the course content is a "customized provision" based on the Student's needs. According to relevant consumer protection regulations, this service is excluded from the standard 7-day cooling-off period. The Student agrees that, unless otherwise stipulated in these terms, no unconditional refunds may be claimed once the course booking is confirmed.

2. Class Time & Attendance Policy

These courses are by appointment. To maintain teaching quality and respect the time of both parties, the following rules must be observed:

1. Student Tardiness and Absence:
  • Flexible Waiting Time: There is a 20-minute connection buffer for the course. Students may log in within 20 minutes from the scheduled start time, but the class will end at the originally scheduled time and will not be extended.
  • Deemed Absent: If the Student does not log in within 20 minutes of the start time, it constitutes an unexcused absence. The teaching obligation for that class is considered fulfilled; the studio will not provide a makeup class or refund the fee.
  • No Time Extension for Tardiness: If the Student is late (but within 20 minutes), the instructor will teach until the originally scheduled end time. The missed time is considered voluntarily forfeited by the Student, and no time extension, makeup class, or prorated refund will be provided.
2. Instructor Tardiness & Remedial Measures:
  • If the instructor fails to log in within 10 minutes of the course start time, it constitutes a delay in provision.
  • In the event of such a delay, the studio will provide a makeup opportunity, allowing the Student to select a new class time to ensure their educational rights are protected.

3. Leave of Absence & Makeup Class Policy

1. Standard Leave (24 Hours Prior):

If a Student wishes to change the class time or request a leave of absence, they must notify the studio at least 24 hours before the scheduled class start time. Those who complete the notification within this timeframe may retain their class rights and schedule a makeup class.

2. Sudden Leave or No Notice (Within 24 Hours):

If the Student fails to notify within the aforementioned timeframe (24 hours prior) or requests a sudden leave within 24 hours, the class is considered officially used, as the instructor's time has been reserved and cannot be rearranged. The Student may not request a makeup class, extension, or refund for that session.

4. Booking Restrictions & Course Content Authorization

1. No Last-Minute Bookings:

To ensure teaching quality and smooth administrative processes, we do not accept last-minute drop-ins or same-day bookings. All courses must be booked in advance according to standard procedures.

2. Intellectual Property & Recording Policy:
  • The course content is "custom-designed" for the Student's needs. The intellectual property rights of the teaching materials, handouts, and the teaching process belong to the studio or the instructor.
  • No video recordings of the courses will be provided.
  • In accordance with relevant copyright and civil laws, without written consent from the studio, Students are strictly prohibited from audio recording, video recording, screenshotting, or reproducing the course. Distributing or transmitting the course content to third parties is also forbidden. Violators will be held legally responsible.

Whitney Mandarin Studio
Términos y Condiciones de Reserva

Para proteger los derechos de ambas partes, el estudiante (en adelante, "el Estudiante") debe leer detenidamente estos términos antes de reservar y realizar el pago. Al completar el proceso de reserva o pago, se entenderá que ha leído, comprendido y aceptado todas las condiciones aquí establecidas.

1. Base Legal y Exclusión del Derecho de Desistimiento

Este servicio se considera "contenido digital no suministrado en soporte material o un servicio online completado tras su provisión", y el contenido se "personaliza" según las necesidades del Estudiante. De acuerdo con las normativas de protección al consumidor correspondientes, este servicio queda excluido del período de desistimiento estándar de 7 días. El Estudiante acepta que, una vez confirmada la reserva, no podrá exigir un reembolso incondicional, salvo que se estipule lo contrario en estos términos.

2. Horario de Clases y Normas de Asistencia

Estas clases se imparten con cita previa. Para mantener la calidad de la enseñanza y respetar el tiempo de ambas partes, se deben cumplir las siguientes normas:

1. Retrasos y Ausencias del Estudiante:
  • Margen de espera: Existe un margen de cortesía de 20 minutos para conectarse. El Estudiante puede acceder dentro de los primeros 20 minutos desde la hora programada de inicio, pero la clase finalizará a la hora prevista originalmente y no se prolongará.
  • Consideración de ausencia: Si el Estudiante no se conecta transcurridos 20 minutos del inicio, se considerará una ausencia injustificada. Se entenderá que el compromiso de enseñanza para esa sesión se ha cumplido; el estudio no ofrecerá clases de recuperación ni reembolsará el importe.
  • No compensación por retraso: Si el Estudiante llega tarde (dentro de los 20 minutos), el profesor impartirá la clase hasta la hora de finalización programada. El tiempo perdido se considerará renunciado voluntariamente, sin derecho a prolongación, recuperación o reembolso proporcional.
2. Retrasos del Profesor y Medidas Compensatorias:
  • Si el profesor no se conecta transcurridos 10 minutos desde el inicio programado, se considerará un retraso en la prestación del servicio.
  • Ante esta situación, el estudio ofrecerá una oportunidad de recuperación, permitiendo al Estudiante elegir un nuevo horario para garantizar su derecho a la formación.

3. Normas de Cancelación y Recuperación de Clases

1. Cancelación Estándar (24 horas antes):

Si el Estudiante desea modificar el horario o cancelar la clase, deberá notificar al estudio al menos 24 horas antes del inicio programado. Quienes cumplan con este plazo conservarán el derecho a la sesión y podrán reprogramarla.

2. Cancelación de Última Hora o Sin Aviso (menos de 24 horas):

Si no se notifica dentro del plazo mencionado o se cancela con menos de 24 horas de antelación, dado que el tiempo del profesor ha sido reservado y no puede reasignarse, la clase se considerará oficialmente impartida. El Estudiante no podrá solicitar su recuperación, aplazamiento ni reembolso.

4. Restricciones de Reserva y Propiedad Intelectual

1. No se Aceptan Reservas de Última Hora:

Para garantizar la calidad educativa y el buen funcionamiento administrativo, no se aceptan incorporaciones de última hora ni reservas para el mismo día. Todas las clases deben reservarse con antelación siguiendo el procedimiento establecido.

2. Propiedad Intelectual y Normativa sobre Grabaciones:
  • El contenido de estas clases es un "diseño personalizado" adaptado a las necesidades del Estudiante. Los derechos de propiedad intelectual del material, apuntes y proceso de enseñanza pertenecen al estudio o al profesor.
  • No se proporcionarán grabaciones de las clases.
  • De acuerdo con las leyes vigentes, queda estrictamente prohibido que el Estudiante realice grabaciones de audio, vídeo, capturas de pantalla o reproducciones de la clase sin el consentimiento por escrito del estudio. Asimismo, no se permite distribuir ni transmitir el contenido a terceros.